
This representation of the grape harvest at the foot
of the Château de Saumur is distinctive because it
was begun by Paul de Limbourg and his brothers,
and completed seventy years later by Jean Colombe.
The different styles are evident in the tonalities of
color, delicacy of techniques, and nature of the
figures. The Limbourgs executed the upper two-thirds.
Traditionally, the background was, in fact, the first part of a miniature to be executed; sky, landscape and architectural decor were then followed by
the foreground, figures, and last of all the faces, as we
shall see later in the Procession of Saint Gregory
(folios 71v-72r).
The Château de Saumur, near Angers, belonged
to a nephew of the Duc de Berry, Duc Louis II
d'Anjou, who had completed its construction at the
end of the fourteenth century. It appears here in all
its fresh newness: chimneys, pinnacles and weathervanes crowned with golden fleurs-de-lys thrust skyward.
It is drawn in a firm bold line that includes
every detail and reveals the sure hand of that one of
the three brothers attracted to architectural representations and responsible also for the Palais de la Citè in June and the Louvre in October.
The château stands to this day, although the crowning crenellations have disappeared, and is easily recognizable in
this miniature by the buttressed towers, battlements,
glacis, and general arrangement of the buildings.
On
the left we glimpse a belfry that might belong to the
church of Saint-Pierre; next is a monumental chimney with secondary stacks undoubtedly belonging to the kitchen and comparable to those at the nearby
abbey of Fontevrault; and last, a drawbridge entrance
from which a horse walks while a woman with a
basket on her head approaches.
The harvest scene itself was executed by Jean
Colombe. He probably worked over a sketch by the
Limbourgs since miniatures were completely and
lightly drawn before being painted.
We can see the
gathering of the grapes in the famous Angevin
vineyard. Aproned women and young men pick the
purple-colored clusters of grapes and fill baskets to be
loaded into hampers hanging from the mules or into
vats on the wagons. One of the mules burdened with
baskets is in the section painted by the Limbourgs
and was probably executed by them.
Compared to
that of his predecessors, Jean Colombe's work is less
refined: the touch is less delicate, the color more
blurred and dull, the figures shorter and less elegant.
Although Jean Colombe was a good miniaturist, his
work does not bear close comparison with Paul de
Limbourg's; especially here in the same painting
where the difference in methods stands out obviously.
Nevertheless, this harvest scene is one of the
most picturesque and beautiful in the calendar.
small image (25KB) --- large image (243KB) --- detail (large) (220KB) --- Château de Saumur (detail) (215KB) --- Grape harvest (detail) (260KB) --- Harvest scene (detail) (264KB)