The Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre
With the restoration of the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre the Crusader Princes and the Patriarch of Jerusalem intended to build a monument to their epic adventure of liberation and conquest of the Holy Land. To the east of the rotunda of the Resurrection, the Anastasis, constructed on the orders of Emperor Constantine on the tomb of Jesus, the Crusader architects added a cruciform transept. This addition allowed the Tomb to be located in one church together with the Rock of Golgotha. Moreover, through an opening in the apsidal ambulatory the pilgrims could go down to the chapels of Saint Helena and the Invention of the Holy Cross and the Canons of St. Augustine to reach the outside of the convent. The Tomb of Jesus was enclosed in a marble shrine surmounted by a small cupola of gilded silver.
Respecting the pre-existing decoration in the Anastasis, also the added structures were covered with mosaics with Latin inscriptions. The only surviving is the central mandorla of the Ascension on the Calvary chapel.
On the outside, behind the new facade erected on the southern wall, a beautiful 48 m tall tower was built with five floors. Scenes from the Gospel were sculpted into the lintels of the facades double portals.
From the inscription in golden characters over the entrance to the Calvary it can be read that the work was to crown the victory day of fifty years before.
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