The Sanctuary of the Annunciation at Nazareth
Tancredi the Norman, to whom the principality of Galilee was entrusted, undertook to reconstruct with a grandiose basilica the Sanctuary of the Annunciation, which had always been venerated at the centre of the village in a grotto carved out of the mountain rock. Nazareth became an episcopal seat.
On the same day as the disastrous battle of Qarn Hattin, which was the beginning of the end of the crusade adventure, 4 July 1187, Nazareth was retaken by the Muslims and many Christians were killed in the church in which they had taken refuge. Thereafter the sanctuary could be visited and be used as a church, thanks to the temporary peace treaties with the Muslims. On the 24 March of 1251 Saint Louis IX King of France assisted at the Holy Mass celebrated by his chaplain in the Grotto of the Annunciation.
The Friars Minor who had already made pilgrimages to the sanctuary, took charge of the ruins of the basilica and the Grotto in 1620, thanks to the support of Emir Fakhr ed-Din, a leading Druse prince in the Lebanese mountains. The long presence and modern archaeological excavations have resulted in the remains being identified of the Tancredi basilica (75 m x 30 m), on which the modern basilica was added.
Of significant artistic value are the sculptures that decorated the basilica, derived from the white stone of Nazareth, which are among the masterpieces of crusader art in the Holy Land. There remain some splendid capitals with stories of the Apostles, an acephalous bust of St. Peter, two heads of Prophets and symbols of the Zodiac from the portals.
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